春甘薯—秋白菜复种栽培技术规程

为了解决石家庄地区春甘薯—秋白菜生产中品种不配套、栽培技术不规范、病虫害较为严重等问题,充分发挥甘薯节水抗旱、营养均衡、祛病保健,白菜营养丰富、品质柔嫩、口味颇佳的独特优势,特编写了《春甘薯—秋白菜复种栽培技术规程》,详细规范了春甘薯—秋白菜复种栽培的基础条件、茬口安排、品种选择以及春甘薯栽培、秋白菜复种的技术要点。确保了每667 m^2春甘薯产量在2000 kg以上,大白菜产量在4000 kg以上,每667 m^2种植效益比传统模式增加1000元。为种植春甘薯、秋白菜的菜农和蔬菜生产企业提供了技术支撑。     

生物炭对连作草莓光合特性及光响应的影响

为了寻求缓解草莓连作障碍的有效途径，以佐贺清香草莓品种为试验材料，盆栽条件下在连作8 a草莓的土壤中分别添加质量分数为0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%的小麦秸秆生物炭，研究不同生物炭用量对草莓光合响应参数的影响。结果表明，连作土壤中添加生物炭的量影响了草莓的光合生理，添加一定量的生物炭在一定程度上可以缓解连作障碍。当生物炭添加量为0.30%时，草莓具有更大的光合潜力，其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别比不添加生物炭对照提高37.20%、85.57%和55.14%，差异显著。随着生物炭添加量的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量表现为先升高然后降低的趋势，且均在生物炭添加量为0.30%时达到最大值。表观量子效率和最大净光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量表现一致，表现为0.30%生物炭处理时最高，且分别比对照增加16.62%和32.29%；而当生物炭用量继续增加时，光合作用受阻，且0.30%生物炭处理对弱光的利用能力最强。与不添加生物炭相比，0.15%和0.30%生物炭处理呼吸效率升高，0.45%和0.60%生物炭处理草莓呼吸效率降低。生物炭添加量为0.30%时光补偿点最低。相关性分析表明，叶绿素a含量能较好地反映草莓最大净光合速率的大小，而总叶绿素含量值则能很好地反映草莓在强光下进行光合作用能力的大小。综上，添加一定生物炭，有利于草莓光合色素的合成，提高了光合能力，有助于草莓干物质的积累，在连作土壤中添加0.30%生物炭时最有利于缓解连作障碍对草莓光合生理的影响，叶绿素能较好地反映草莓的光合作用能力，这对草莓设施生产管理具有一定的指导意义。     

江西双季稻机插的典型模式及其效果研究

基于江西省双季稻区10个县30个乡镇农户、合作社以及农机大市场的调查数据,通过对合作社的两种典型模式（合作模式和服务模式）的研究及合作社农户和散户的对比分析,探索合作社对江西双季稻机插推广的促进作用。研究结果表明:合作社农户的成本要低于散户,收益要高于散户,合作社的生产效果比散户的要好;合作社农户的年龄比散户的年龄要低,文化、土地规模、资金要高于散户;合作社农户的机插比例高于散户;目前江西合作社机插典型模式中比较受欢迎的模式是农机大户和种田大户合作模式及“订单式”服务模式;未来种田大户、农机大户和养殖大户是发展江西农民合作生产的主要对象,重点发展的模式是合作社提供水稻生产全程社会化服务模式。     

不同玉米品种与大豆带状复种模式氮素吸收利用分析

为科学利用大豆的生物固氮作用,筛选玉米大豆带状复种模式下最佳组合,本试验以‘大丰26’(IC1)、‘大丰30’(IC2)、‘强盛51’(IC3)及‘强盛388’(IC4)为实验材料,采用单因素随机区组长期定位试验测得各玉米品种氮素利用及产量数据。结果表明：玉米大豆带状复种模式下玉米产量及地上部生物量均表现为IC2>IC3>IC4>IC1 (P<0.05)。相比IC1、IC3及IC4处理,IC2处理下年平均氮素积累量、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率及氮素偏生产率分别显著增加了10.8%、11.0%、15.3%;17.3%、32.3%、26.2%;36.8%、34.9%、30.1%;18.8%、20.6%、12.5%,而IC2处理年平均氮素收获指数较IC4处理显著降低4.6个百分点(P<0.05);此外,氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮素收获指数与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合表明,‘大丰30’与大豆带状复种能够显著提高作物产量及氮素利用率,可作为山西省最优组合推广。     

冬小麦–夏玉米高产模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征研究

探明周年产量20,000kghm–2以上冬小麦–夏玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征,并建立资源优化配置定量指标,为进一步提升黄淮海该模式周年产量潜力和气候资源利用效率提供理论依据,具有重要意义。本研究利用2006—2010年黄淮海区9个高产点共45个田间试验的数据,定量分析了冬小麦–夏玉米模式高产形成与季节间光温水资源分配的关系。结果表明,三省9个试验点冬小麦–夏玉米均实现了周年20,000kghm–2以上高产,但区域间差异较大,河南和山东小麦产量最高,山东夏玉米产量最高,河南和山东周年产量分别高于河北16.9%和21.5%。产量的变化主要由光温水分配差异造成,河南和山东小麦季积温量在1924.2～2608.0°C和降雨量小于201.1mm范围时产量均高于河北,山东玉米季辐射量在2168.5～2953.8 MJ m–2、积温量小于2990.7°C和降水量小于591.3 mm范围时产量均高于河南和河北。然而省份间冬小麦–夏玉米模式季节间热量资源分配率和分配比值相对固定,即小麦季和玉米季积温分配率分别为43%和57%,两季间积温比值为0.7,这是该区当前生产和生态条件下冬小麦–夏玉米模式季节间资源合理配置的定量标准。在不增加任何投入的前提下依据该定量指标来指导黄淮海不同生态区冬小麦–夏玉米种植模式的资源优化配置,对促进黄淮海该种植模式可持续发展具有重要意义。     

Intercropping fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without biochar: Tests along a competition gradient

Integrating soil amendment biochar to legume‐based intercropping systems may amplify the intercropping benefits and lead to more sustainable production due to its positive effects on the soil physicochemical and biological environment. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) is a legume used in an intercropping system in several countries in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. A barley cultivar and an Iranian fenugreek ecotype were studied in two replacement series experiments to find the best combination of the two species as well as the effect of adding biochar to the soil. Fenugreek and barley were grown in 4‐L pots in five density combinations (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, 0:20) with and without application of biochar in sandy loam soil. The biomass, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) amount of the two crops were measured fifty days after sowing, and the Relative Yield Total (RYT) was estimated. Our results showed that biochar application resulted in a higher total biomass, N and C amount in all combinations of fenugreek and barley. Total biomass was increased by biochar 19.2% when fenugreek was grown alone and 8.1 and 12.9% in series with 25 and 50% barley when biochar was added, respectively. Biochar increased dry matter, N and C accumulation in both crop species in the mixtures. An exception was the C amount of barley which was not influenced by biochar in intercropping. RYT values were largest for biomass, C and N amount in mixtures with 15 fenugreek plants per pot and 5 barley plants per pot corresponding to approximately 400 fenugreek plants per m mixed with 130 barley plants per m². Biochar application increased RYT of the total dry weight by 2.7 and 5.5% in mixtures of 25 and 50% barley plants, RYT of the total nitrogen by 0.8% in mixtures with 25% barley plants, and RYT of the total carbon by 2.7 and 6.6% in mixtures with 25 and 50% barley plants. The RYT values declined with increasing number of barley plants as a result of a less competitive ability of fenugreek when growing in high barley densities. The yield was highest with intercropping but monoculture of barley also resulted in high yields. The total highest yield was found when approximately 130 fenugreek plants per m² were mixed with 400 barley plants per m². Mixtures with 75% fenugreek and 25% barley obtained RYT values larger than 1 for biomass, carbon and nitrogen percentages.     

Waterlogging tolerance of pea at germination

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are exposed to waterlogging at germination when grown as relay in rice‐based cropping. Ninety‐one germplasm accessions were evaluated in relay (sown in waterlogged soil), and subsequently 10 diverse genotypes compared under relay and sole cropping (conventional tillage sowing) over two seasons in Bangladesh. Contrasting genotypes, BM‐3, NL‐2 and Kaspa, were further evaluated in three waterlogging treatments (drained control, 4 and 8 days waterlogging) in the glasshouse. Conspicuous variation in waterlogging tolerance at germination was observed in the field and confirmed under controlled conditions. In relay sowing in 2011, emergence of a few genotypes was affected by waterlogging. In 2012, emergence in relay was severely affected (12 plants/m²) compared to sole sowing (37 plants/m²). Among genotypes BM‐3 had 6 plants/m² emerge, which all subsequently died, in contrast to NL‐2 in which emergence was 13 plants/m² with all plants surviving. In the glasshouse, there was 14% emergence in BM‐3, 40% in NL‐2 and 55% in Kaspa after 8 days of waterlogging. Such marked differences in waterlogging tolerance at germination in the model pea are the first reported and illustrate prospects for selection to improve adaptation to relay sowing in South Asia.     

陇东旱塬区复种不同藜麦品种(系)的适应性初步评价

为分析不同藜麦品种(系)在陇东雨养地区夏播复种的生态适应性,以12个藜麦品种(系)为材料,对其物候期、农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状等指标进行考察,采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析法对其适应性进行综合评价。结果表明:供试的12个藜麦品种(系)除LY-2无法复种成熟外,其余的11个品种(系)均能完成生育期;对其19个性状进行相关性分析表明,单位面积籽粒产量与单株粒质量和千粒质量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),而与根倒率、茎倒率呈极显著负相关(P0.01);株高与千粒质量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),籽粒粗蛋白和淀粉分别与籽粒直径和千粒质量呈极显著正相关(P0.01);对其15个性状指标进行主成分分析和聚类分析,对提出的5个主成分累计贡献率达85.04%,根据综合得分,筛选出适应性最好、得分最高的2个品种(系)‘陇藜4号’和‘Q2’;聚类分析表明,11个藜麦品种(系)系统聚为3大类型,各品种(系)间性状与遗传距离方面存在较大差异,其中第三类产量最高,第二类有矮秆、早熟等特性,可根据生产需要和育种目标进行综合考虑。     

菌剂与钾肥配施对连作魔芋生长、生理代谢和发病率的影响

以安康当地花魔芋为材料进行盆栽试验，研究娄彻氏链霉菌（Streptomyces rochei）菌剂D74与钾肥配施对连作魔芋生物学性状、块茎产量、叶绿素含量、活性氧代谢、渗透调节物质含量及软腐病的影响，为魔芋连作障碍微生物-化学双重修复提供理论依据。结果表明：菌剂与钾肥配施对连作魔芋具有一定的促生防病作用，使魔芋单株块茎鲜质量和生长系数分别较对照显著增加86.7%和85.9%，软腐病病情指数降低 33.0%。配施处理中，钾肥和菌剂分别在促进魔芋块茎膨大和抑制软腐病方面发挥主导作用。菌剂与钾肥配施促进魔芋叶片叶绿素的合成，其叶绿素a及叶绿素(a+b)含量分别较对照显著增加51.0%及34.6%，同时叶绿素a/b及叶绿素(a+b)/类胡萝卜素比值分别提高41.8%及22.2%。配施的菌剂效应对叶绿素合成的促进作用占主导地位。菌剂与钾肥配施显著提高魔芋的诱导抗性，其叶片过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量分别为对照的3.1倍、2.9倍和2.2倍。采用主成分分析法对魔芋相关19个生理生化指标分析得出特征值、贡献率、累积贡献率和主成分载荷矩阵，提取3个主成分（叶绿素b、叶幅和相对防效）综合评价菌剂与钾肥配施对魔芋连作障碍的修复效果。不同施肥处理综合得分高低顺序为：菌剂与钾肥配施>单施钾肥>单施菌剂>不施肥对照。综上所述，娄彻氏链霉菌菌剂D74与钾肥配施能提高连作魔芋产量并降低植株发病率，有效缓解连作障碍。     

全双工双通路中继网络干扰处理与信号检测算法

全双工双通路连续中继(FD-TPSR)网络频谱效率高,状态控制简单,但全双工中继存在残留自干扰(RSI),发射中继对接收中继也会形成中继间干扰(IRI),会导致通信性能下降.这里提出一种中继间干扰处理方法,中继节点消除部分IRI,以提高端到端信干噪比;保留部分IRI,在目的节点构成延迟转发编码结构,以提供分集增益.同时提出一种基于并行软干扰消除的匹配滤波(MF-PSIC)信号检测算法,匹配滤波器结构简单,实现复杂度低,基于软输出的并行干扰消除能同时检测所有时隙的符号,处理时延小.仿真结果表明,中继间干扰处理方法兼顾了分集增益和累积干扰与噪声因素,相比于无IRI消除和完全IRI消除,误比特率最低; MF-PSIC信号检测算法实现复杂度低,相比于ML信号检测算法仅有很少的性能损失.